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Mission ''Barrio Adentro'' (English: "Mission Inside the Neighborhood") is a Bolivarian national social welfare program established under late Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez. The program seeks to provide comprehensive publicly funded health care, dental care, and sports training to poor and marginalized communities in Venezuela. ''Barrio Adentro'' features the construction of thousands of iconic two-storey medical clinics—''consultorios'' or doctor’s offices—as well as staffing with resident certified medical professionals. ''Barrio Adentro'' constitutes an attempt to deliver a ''de facto'' form of universal healthcare, seeking to guarantee access to quality and cradle-to-grave medical attention for all Venezuelan citizens. The Latin American branch of the World Health Organization and UNICEF both praised the program.〔.〕〔.〕 According to WHO statistics infant mortality fell from 23 to 20 in males and 19 to 17 in females per 1000 births between 2003 and 2005.〔http://www.who.int/whr/2004/annex/topic/en/annex_1_en.pdf〕〔http://www.who.int/whr/2006/annex/06_annex1_en.pdf〕 In addition, Russian representatives have visited Venezuelan neighborhoods in order to study Venezuelan public clinics and Russian officials are considering implementing a similar program in Russia. Of a planned 8500 Barrio Adentro I centers, 2708 had been built by May, 2007, using an investment of around US$126m, with a further 3284 under construction.〔Jones, Rachel (2008), ''The Lancet'', "Hugo Chavez's health-care programme misses its goals", Volume 371, Issue 9629, 14 June 2008-20 June 2008, Page 1988〕 As of 2006, the staff included 31,439 professionals, technical personnel, and health technicians, of which 15,356 were Cuban doctors and 1,234 Venezuelan doctors.〔Pan American Health Organization, ("Mission Barrio Adentro: The right to health and social inclusion in Venezuela ), Caracas, Venezuela. July 2006〕 In 2014, the government celebrated 11 years of the mission announcing that over 10,000 clinics were created. In Caracas, Mission Barrio Adentro I and II centers in 32 parishes were the subject of constant complaints about performance even after being funded Bs 1.492 million by the government. Councilman Alejandro Vivas stated that "instead of having positive results, what is observed is the discontent of the citizens performance leaves much to be desired". As of December 2014, it was estimated that 80% of Barrio Adentro establishments were abandoned in Venezuela. ==Background== The Barrio Adentro program was developed against a background of a public health sector crumbling under long-term financial pressure. As part of the neoliberalisation programme of the early 1990s under President Rafael Caldera, a Venezuela struggling with inflation and a low oil price (oil being its primary export) was forced into spending cuts and privatisation in a number of sectors, including healthcare. A 1989 decentralisation law contributed to the trend; from 1993, state governors could request the transfer of public healthcare in their state to their control, and the inability to cope with the new responsibility encouraged cuts and privatisation. Cost recovery became increasingly prevalent through "voluntary" contributions from users.〔Carlos H. Alvaradoa, María E. Martínez, Sarai Vivas-Martínez, Nuramy J. Gutiérrez, Wolfram Metzger (2008), "Social Change and Health Policy in Venezuela", ''Social Medicine'', Volume 3, Number 2〕 In addition to the problems with the healthcare system, over the course of the decade health problems caused by poverty (infectious and deficiency diseases) increased. By 1999, 67.7% of the Venezuelan population was living in poverty, from 44.4% in 1990.〔 In 1999, following the election of Hugo Chávez, the Ministry of Health planned to develop a new National Public Health System, with a particular focus on health promotion, disease prevention, community participation, and the strengthening of the primary health care infrastructure. The 2000/1 annual report by PROVEA highlighted a number of positive features of the new approach, including a wider availability of health services through progressive elimination of users’ fees.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mission Barrio Adentro」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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